Chenglong Liu
Tianjin University of Sport, Chinese Rugby Football Association, China
Rugby sevens is a formal event of Olympic Games in the Rio 2016 and Tokyo 2020, including men and women, which is a complex team sport requiring a combination physical ability and strategic considerations. The purpose of this study is to determine the characteristics of winning in International Women's Rugby Sevens matches between China and Japan.
Twenty-four International-level rugby sevens female players from China and Japan respectively were participated in this study. Data collection was conducted over finals in each of the two tournaments. Video analyses were using Dartfish software throughout the matches.
The Results were shown as follows:
Note: "/"= half time
Tactics that increase points scoring and likelihood of winning should be based on greater ball possession, more rucks and passing, fewer turnovers and penalties. Mauls, free kicks and success ratio of conversion kick are irrelevant to the scores.
Dan Yang
Shanghai University of Sport, China
In any exercise, the body must rely on skeletal muscle, so there is a high rate of skeletal muscle injury. Regeneration and repair of skeletal muscle injury is a complicated process with high coordination and dynamic regulation. The prevalence rate of muscle injury is high, the time of treatment, healing time and healing quality will affect the normal physical training, sports training and competition. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play significant roles in regulating numerous cellular processes. In recent years, the role of MicroRNA (miRNA) in the repair of muscle injury has been found to be a new breakthrough in the treatment of muscle injury. This article reviews the role of miR-101 in the regulation of skeletal muscle injury and repair process as a breakthrough point.
To "miR-101, skeletal muscle" as the search term, through the computer to retrieve the PubMed database related literature, reading the literature and the miR-101 regulation of skeletal muscle injury and repair related research are summarized and analyzed.
Previous studies have showed that the possible role of miR-101a played in skeletal muscle, using SMSCs to establish a model system for studying the molecular mechanism of skeletal muscle differentiation. Li et al showed that miR-101a was successfully transfected to SMSCs with high transfection efficiency. After differentiation induction in relative myod mRNA level for 2 days, overexpression of miR-101a promoted the formation of myotubes and enhanced the fusion index. To verify whether miR-101a was necessary for skeletal myogenesis,they transfected a miR-101a inhibitor, a synthetic antisense oligonucleotide against miR-101a, into SMSCs cultured in relative myog mRNA level. These results indicated that inhibition of miR-101a repressed satellite cell differentiation. Previous studies results indicated that miR-101 was a positive regulator of SMSC differentiation.In conclusion,overexpression of miR-101 resulted in formation of more myotubes.
In this review, we attempt to summarize the current effects of miRNA-101 on the regulation of skeletal muscle damage repair. Over the last decade, miRNAs is involved in the process of proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation of animal skeletal muscle, and the regulation pattern of miRNA on muscle growth related genes is characterized by diversity and timing. The expression pattern of miRNA-101 was similar to the muscle specific miRNAs expression pattern of miR - 206, 133, 486, and so on. Taken together, the results of previous studies indicate that miR-101a played a positive role in the regulation of myogenic differentiation. Obviously, numerous questions remain to be addressed to better understand the molecular mechanisms of miRNA-101 action in skeletal muscle biology.
Huaichuan Zhang
Huaichuan Zhang, China
Peimeng Zhang, a Chinese track and field sprinter running 4x100m relays for China's national team, finished 10.04 in the sprint in the National Grand Prix (Zhaoqing, Guangdong) in 2013. Later that year, Zhang improved his 100m best at the Moscow World Championship to 10 seconds. Overcoming the 10-second barrier remains a priority for Chinese sprinters. Based on the studies and examinations of previous researchers, this thesis gives an in-depth quantitative analysis about Peimeng Zhang's running skills during the midway running of sprint, comparing his performance with those of the fastest sprinters in the world. Through comparative analysis, this author makes an objective assessment of Peimeng Zhang's sprint techniques, providing a theoretical basis for making scientific training plans for Zhang.
Document research, statistics, high-speed photography, comparative analysis.
1. Analyzing Peimeng Zhang's velocity, stride length and stride frequency during midway
running of sprint;
2. Analyzing Peimeng Zhang's kinetic parameters during midway running.
1. Peimeng Zhang's running mechanics show that compared to the world's leading sprinters, Zhang is less capable to maintain maximum velocity during midway running. His sprint technique also features high stride rate and long flight time during each stride. In the final phases of sprint, Zhang slows down significantly.
2. Peimeng Zhang's arms swing forward and backward in high frequency, but they have not reached the full range of motion during the course of sprint. The joints at his shoulders are not relaxed enough when he runs at high speed. The pliability of his shoulders also needs to be improved; 3. Moving on to Peimeng Zhang's leg motion, the angle between his front foot and the track when it meets the ground remains wide. Compared to the world's leading sprinters, Zhang's hips and ankles are not strong enough, while he thrusts his hips less so. Moreover, the angle between his back foot and the track is relatively too wide, whereas his front foot strides fast, resulting in incomplete back foot pushing, reduced velocity and longer flight time.
Juan Huang
Shanghai University of Sport, China
GCN2 (control non-derepressible general 2) is one of the kinases of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (Initiation Factor Eukaryotic 2, eIF2), which is an important factor to regulate the protein synthesis process.When the kinase domain of GCN2 is activated, it can make the serine phosphorylation of eIF2 alpha subunit 51, causing protein translation blocked, thus inhibiting the overall protein biosynthesis.Relevant studies at home and abroad have indicated that GCN2 can regulate the material and energy required for the synthesis and metabolism of cells under stress, and it has an important role in maintaining the normal function of cells.A large number of studies have confirmed that long-term endurance training can cause motor cardiac hypertrophy, but this kind of myocardial hypertrophy is only physiological, in recent years, some of the marathon athletes to question this question.And our previous studies have shown that pathological cardiac hypertrophy is one of the most common causes of sudden cardiac death in China.It is of great significance to explore the nature and mechanism of myocardial hypertrophy induced by long-term exercise in order to better understand and prevent sudden cardiac death.
In this study, the Gcn2 gene knockout mice were used as the research objects,To observe the effect of long-term endurance training on mice and wild-type mice of GCN2 gene, further study on the mechanism and regulation of GCN2 induced cardiac hypertrophy in endurance training effect, and provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of cardiogenic sudden death.
GCN2 grade KO SPF and C57 mice were randomly divided into four groups after 8 weeks of age:KO GCN2 Exercise group, KO GCN2 quiet group, C57 exercise group and C57 quiet group.Aerobic endurance training was carried out for 7 weeks in the KO GCN2 exercise group and C57 exercise group. The mice were trained to run in the mice, the time was 90 minutes, the slope was 0 degrees, and the speed was 20m/min.Mice in the quiet group were fed with normal diet without any exercise intervention. After the experiment, the myocardial tissue of each group were measured and analyzed.
(1)There was significant difference between the LV/BW ratio and the quiet group in the KO GCN2 exercise group (P < 0.01);There was a significant difference between the LV/BW ratio of the C57 group and the C57 group (P < 0.05);The LV/BW ratio and C57 in the KO GCN2 exercise group were not different (3.23 + 0.03vs3.17 + 0.02, P>0.05).
(2)The RV/BW ratio of the KO GCN2 group and the C57 group were significantly different (0.80 + 0.02vs0.88 + 0.01, p<0.05).
(3)The study of cardiac echocardiography in mice showed that the EF value of left ventricular ejection fraction in KO GCN2 group and C57 group were significantly higher (p<0.05), but there was no significant difference between the two groups (p>0.05).
There was no significant effect of GCN2 gene deficiency on heart weight and cardiac function in mice;After long-term exercise,GCN2 gene deficiency on macro indicators of left ventricular weight to body weight ratio was not significantly affected, but the impact of macro parameters of right ventricular weight to body weight ratio, further analysis of effects on the expression of other related myocardial microstructure and related protein is required.
Manman Li
Shanghai University of Sport, China
Susceptibility to negative emotion is the competence of the individual's ability to perceive emotion and the cognitive process is affected by the emotion, which is closely related to the physical and mental health of the individual. Susceptibility to negative emotion is likely to be the reason for women suffering from emotional disorders. Due to women's physical and mental health is more easily affected by negative events than men, it is necessary to seek an intervention to reduce women's susceptibility to negative emotion. In this study, we measured two groups of women's susceptibility to negative emotion through the event related potential (ERP) technology, one group has exercise habit and another group has no exercise habit, explore positive emotional benefits of exercise training, and then to protect women's physical and mental health.
According to the exercise habit of judging criteria and BDI self rating depression scale and SAS self rating Anxiety Scale, two groups subjects are randomly selected, one group has the exercise habit and another group has no exercise habit, 24 subjects were selected in each group. The latency and amplitude of the P3 wave associated with emotional assessment in extreme negative conditions were detected by ERP technique.
The results showed that it is consistent with the previous negative bias, after the stimulus presentation about 250ms, the two groups showed significant emotion effects of extreme negative stimuli, there was a significant enhanced attention involvement phenomenon. But only women with no exercise habits showed significant emotion effects on moderate negative stimuli and allocate more attention resources. The P3 component subsequently appeared in about 400ms and similar to the above phenomenon. Therefore, both in the early stages of attention distribution, or in the late stage of controlled cognitive processing, only women with no exercise habits showed significant emotional responses to mild negative stimuli. As mentioned before, this may be related to the females' greater orbital volume and the better neural connections of orbital-amygdales.
Women with exercise habits have lower susceptibility to negative emotion and higher level of mental health; while women with no exercise habits have higher susceptibility to negative emotion and lower level of mental health. We encourage female compatriots participate in physical exercise actively and develop the exercise habit to prevent negative emotions triggered by emotional disorders and protect their physical and mental health.
Qin Yang
Lab of Human Performance, Shanghai University of sport, China
Abnormal expression of cannabinoid receptor on peripheral organs plays an important role in obese related metabolic disorders. We will explore whether WIN55212.2 counters exercise-induced weight loss in obese mice.
C57BL/6J male mice were fed on a high fat diet (n=205, fed D12492, 60% fat, Research Diet) to induce obesity. Then the obese mice were randomly divided into five groups: Normal diet control group(CON, n=8); Obese control group(OB, n=10, intraperitoneal injection of saline, 2mg/kg body weight, 6d/w); Agonist group(WIN, n=10, intraperitoneal injection of WIN55212.2; 2mg/kg body weight, 6d/w); Exercise group(EX, n=9, 12m/min, 60min, 6d/w); Exercise plus agonist group (EX+WIN, n=9, EX: 12m/min, 60min, WIN: intraperitoneal injection of WIN55212.2, 2mg/kg body weight; 6d/w); The intervention lasted for 7 weeks, and food intake was recorded every week. After the intervention, six mice in each group were randomly selected and placed into the TSE Pheno Master metabolic system, with each mouse in a metabolic chamber to monitor spontaneous activity. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA (with Bonferroni post hoc test) or Student's unpaired t-test as appropriate and considered statistically significant at P < 0.05.
(1) High fat diet induced a significantly increase in body weight(P<0.01) and fat mass(P<0.01, Fig.1 A and B);
(2) 2mg/kg WIN55212.2 did not affect food intake during the 7 weeks' intervention(ANOVA, P>0.05, Fig.1 D);
(3) 2mg/kg WIN55212.2 and exercise intervention both significantly reduced the total amount of physical activities for 24 hours(ANOVA, P<0.01, Fig.1 E)
Activation of peripheral endocannabinoid system (ECS) may counter exercise-induced weight loss by reducing spontaneous activity, a factor that lowers energy consumption, while doesn't affect food intake. These results provide a new evidence for exercise related weight loss by acting on ECS.
Yanyan Zhang
Shanghai University of sport, China
Student's physical monitoring results showed that: in our country the students' body shape obvious improvement. But the function, constitution and athletically ability decrease by degrees, have multiplied the overweight and obesity. The cause of this is lack of physical activity. The author's school students sedentary time more than 10 hours. The physical activity of students can't meet the commended value; Young children should be 60min a day of moderate to intensive physical activity. The purpose of this study is to search for suitable duration, intension and type of exercise.
This paper adopts literature research and mathematical statistics. We search web of science and CNKI such as literature search keywords for PA and adolescent physical activity. Use SPSS 21data for processing. Using paired sample T test scores before and after contrast , differencesbetween groups usin g independent sample T test.
We recruitment 36(20 girls, 16boys, the age15.34±0.36), eliminate the disease of heart head blood-vessel, disabled people, teenagers athletes will subjects were divided into two groups, a group for three months of physical training, another group of the control. Five times of a week, thirty minutes at a time, the strength is moderate and high strength. Monday, the speed; power on Tuesday; Wednesday is speed endurance; resistance force on Thursday, Friday is endurance cycle manner. The students' physical quality index with the results obtained by 160 meters, 480meters feedback. From 160 m or 480 m , the control group were not different between before and after. In this study found that 480-meter grades, the average scores of boys from 115.83s to 112s, p>:0.05, there is no significant difference between scores of a ascension. The average scores of the girls in from 137.68s to 133.45s, p<0.01, the result of ascension has very significant difference. In 160-meter grades, the average scores of the boys from 31.67s to 29.33s, up 2.33s, p=0.02, shows that the ascension of achievements have significant difference. It shows that after 3 months of physical training, the students' physical quality have different degrees of improvement girls endurance quality improvement quality improvement of relatively obvious, the performance for all the boys in the quality of speed improvement is more obvious.
First, the boys and girls in the 480-meter grades are promoted, girls have significant differences. Second, the boy in the ascension of the 160m has a very significant difference, increase more obvious. Third, the authors' physical training program designed to meet the youth risk behavior detection (YRBS) moderate intensity aerobic exercise is greater than or equal to 5 times a week.
Zhongchen Xia
Chengdu Sport University, China
Alzheimer's disease is a kind of neurodegenerative diseases characterized by genotype and phenotype heterogeneity. It featured with following diseases, the blood-brain barrier damage, oxidative stress, mitochondria injury, inflammation and hypometabolism. Presently, the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease still under research. In academia there are only multiple hypotheses about alzheimer's disease, including cholinergic neurons hypothesis, toxicity of β-amyloid hypothesis, Tau protein hypothesis, insulin hypothesis and free radical damage hypothesis, etc. Among them what approved by the authority and public is that Alzheimer's disease is related to the accumulation of amyloid protein, tau protein phosphorylation and acetylcholine levels decline, cerebral blood flow decreases. Most studies have shown that scientific and appropriate exercise training can reduce Aβ excessively deposited in the brain, control tau protein phosphorylation, help the cholinergic system operate normally, prevent excitability amino acid toxicity and the calcium overload in the repairing cellular, in the meantime, it can improve activity of the antioxidant enzymes such as SoD CaT in the brain and strengthen the power of body free radicals.
At present, there are about tens of millions of patients with Alzheimer's disease in the worldwide and the number showed a trend of rising year by year. In China the number of patients with Alzheimer's disease have increased to millions, it was a number for a quarter of the world's total number of cases. Meanwhile, China is one of the world's fastest-growing region with an average increase of 30 new cases a year. As a disease, Alzheimer have brought great pain and disaster to patients and their families. This thesis is aimed at to explore the impact of implementation of rehabilitation training on the Alzheimer's patients, explore and summarize appropriate means in sports training and to improve patients' memory capacity and neural function, alleviate AD—related cognitive deficiency, improve cognitive function, brain metabolism and raise the level of vascular health with patients, to heighten patients live quality.
Selected 40 patients with Alzheimer's disease whom not have the implementation of rehabilitation training as the blank group, then select another 40 patients with Alzheimer's disease as experimental group whom will receive implementation of rehabilitation training. The next procedure is to use internationally recognized simple intelligent state examination (MMSE) to assess the patient's mental condition, use Barthel index to assess the patient's ability of daily living, evaluate the patient's quality of life by SF36 scale, assess cognitive function of patients with cognitive subscales (ADAS Cog) of Alzheimer's disease rating scale, assess the patient's body function by use the function of independent evaluation questionnaire (FIM), evaluate the degree of dementia patients with the general recession scale (GOS). Comparing the changes of evaluation indexes of two groups patients before and after the training to observe the effects of rehabilitation therapy.
After the intervention, the two group patients have all get effective improvement in the score of mental condition, life quality, activity of daily living, body function. At the same time, the result shows that these patients have get dramatically score reduced in the evaluation of cognitive function and dementia severity. After the implementation of rehabilitation training the differences between two group patients become quite clear. The cognitive function score and dementia severity of experimental group patients is lower than blank group. The experimental group patients total effective rate reach up to (93.1%) while blank group only have (63.1%). After comparing the difference has significant statistical significance (P<0.05).
Implementation of rehabilitation training can effectively improve the mental condition and health of patients with Alzheimer's disease, also it can effectively improve the patient's cognitive function and physical function, daily life ability and the quality of life. The effect of implementation of experiment is obvious.
Lingling Zhang
Shanghai Unviversity of Finance and Economics, China
The development history of Wheelchair racing has been 68 years Since 1948, there are 7 medical function classification and 36 competition events in the sport in Para-Olympic games. Based on national and international research papers on wheelchair racing, we summarized the Sport Characteristics of wheelchair racing.
Wheelchair Racing normally involves upper limb, racers' heart rate, blood lactate and VO2PEAK have great differences due to different degree of disability during the exercise. The improvement of performance influenced by the interaction of pushing economy, efficiency and propulsion technology, and the improvement of wheelchair plays an important role in the promotion of the athletes' performance. Wheelchair Racing is the key project of China in Para-Olympic games, but in China the scientific research on this sport is relatively backward. Therefore, it is necessary to establish selection, training and monitoring index systems in line with the physiological law of this group in the future. To emphasize wheelchair equipment research and improve propulsion techniques, as well as to highlight the study on the training laws, will promote the competitive level of China's wheelchair racing.
Shuhei Hirota
Hokusho University, Japan
See the Oral Presentation 2016nov-OC-08